Family Eriocraniidae (Eriocraniid Moths)

The Eriocraniid Moths are tiny day-flying moths. They have nonfunctional mandibles and short probosces, and the middle tibia bears one spur. Wings of these species have tiny spines (aculeae) in basal patches. Their wing venation is complete and similar in the forewing and hindwing. Early instar larvae make linear mines in leaves of broad-leaved trees, while later instars form blotch mines. Pupae have loose appendages, including movable mandibles for cutting through the tough cocoon. They pupate underground, and adults emerge in spring. Adults feed on various liquids, and they are short-lived. Members of this family are rare in collections.